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Men of Harlech
"Men of Harlech" or "The March of the Men of Harlech" (in Welsh: ''Rhyfelgyrch Gwŷr Harlech'') is a song and military march which is traditionally said〔Fuld, James J., ''The Book of World-famous Music: classical, popular, and folk'', Dover, 5th ed. 2000, p. 394〕 to describe events during the seven-year siege of Harlech Castle between 1461 and 1468.〔''The Oxford Companion to British History''. Oxford University Press (1997) page 454〕〔Matthew Bennett ''Dictionary of Ancient & Medieval Warfare'' (2001)〕 Commanded by Constable Dafydd ap Ieuan, the garrison withstood the longest known siege in the history of the British Isles.〔Bert S. Hall, ''Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe''. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001, page 212.〕 "Through Seven Years" is an alternative name for the song.〔Winnie Czulinski, ''Drone On!: the high history of Celtic Music''. Sound And Vision, 2004, page 107.〕 The song has been incorrectly associated with the earlier, shorter siege of Harlech Castle around 1408, which pitted the forces of Owain Glyndŵr against the future Henry V of England.
"Men of Harlech" occupies an important place in Welsh national culture. The song gained international recognition when it was featured prominently in the 1964 film ''Zulu''.
==History==
The music was first published without words in 1794 as ''Gorhoffedd Gwŷr Harlech—March of the Men of Harlech'' in the second edition of ''The Musical and Poetical Relicks of the Welsh Bards''〔 but it is said to be a much earlier folk air.〔Anne Shaw Faulkner, ''What We Hear in Music: A Course of Study in Music Appreciation and History'', RCA Victor, 12th edition 1943, p 41〕 The earliest version of the tune to appear with lyrics, found thus far, comes from a broadside printed c. 1830. Since then, many different versions of the English lyrics have appeared. It first appeared with Welsh lyrics in ''Gems of Welsh Melody'', edited by the Welsh poet, John Owen (Owain Alaw), published in London, England and Wrexham, Wales in 1860. An edition containing Welsh and English lyrics was published in Ruthin, Wales, in 1862.〔Owen, John. Gems of Welsh Melody. A Selection of Popular Welsh Songs, with English and Welsh Words; Specimens of Pennillion Singing, after the Manner of North Wales; and Welsh National Airs, Ancient and Modern ... For the Pianoforte or Harp, with Symphonies and Accompaniments by J. Owen, Etc. Ruthin: I. Clarke, 1862.〕 The song was published in Volume II of the 1862 collection ''Welsh Melodies'' with the Welsh lyrics by the Welsh poet John Jones (Talhaiarn), and the English lyrics by Thomas Oliphant, President of the Madrigal Society. Another source attributes the Welsh words to the poet John Ceiriog Hughes, first published in 1890, and says that English words were first published in 1893, but this is clearly predated by the earlier publications.〔
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